社会学视域中的学科研究纲领及其嬗变

摘要

学科既是人类认知活动的组织模式和实践模式，同时也成为现代社会中人类知识本身的构成方式。学科的社会学研究最早始于以默顿为代表的实证主义研究纲领，而后经历了以库恩为代表的后实证主义以及科学知识社会学的批判性反思，并在当代布迪厄等人的综合性视野中得到了新的发展。%Scientific specialties are not only the organizational and practical patterns of human cognitive activities, but also the formations of human knowledge. The scientific specialty study begins with Robert Merton’s positivistic framework, and then through Thomas Kuhn and SSK’s critics. On the contemporary Pierre Bourdieu and other sociologists’ comprehensive visions make this field a new development.