听觉功能生物学修复和重建的研究进展

摘要

Sensorineural deafness is the most common disorders of senses,which severely impact the life quality and bring heavy burden to the family as well as the society.Current state-of-art treatments focus on sound amplification and implanted electrodes that stimulate the auditory nerve.These strategies offer partial recovery of function for a limited patient population but do not come close to restoring natural hearing.Clearly,there is strong need for development of biological treatments for the hearing restoration through correcting the genetic defects or regenerating the new hair cells on the damaged cochlear sensory epithelium.We reviewed the advances in the biological restoration of the hearing,including the gene therapy and the hair cell regeneration aspects.%感音神经性耳聋是最常见的感官障碍疾病,在严重影响患者的生活质量的同时也带来了沉重的家庭和社会负担.尽管助听器和人工耳蜗植入在一定程度帮助患者实现听觉功能的部分恢复,但是远未达到重建自然听力的效果.因此通过生物学的方式修复耳蜗感觉上皮的遗传缺陷以及促进毛细胞损伤之后的功能再生是实现听觉重建的理想途径.本文从感音神经性耳聋基因治疗和毛细胞再生两个方面综述了听觉功能生物学重建的研究进展.