This article examines.Richard White''s concept of the"middle ground"and its prospective application to the study of China''s Qing(1644-1911)borderlands from the late eighteenth century.It argues that although White''s model,in its specific formulation,is problematic to apply due to the dissimilarity of Qing conditions,it yet has value and can be adapted.One possibility is advanced in the notion of"middle ground moments,"briefly explored in the cases of Shaanxi''s Dabashan highlands in a"population boom,"Hunan''s Miao Frontier in the"fog of war,"and Xinjiang''s Kashgar crossroads during the"fall of empires."Focusing on group exchange,adaptation,and hybridization offers insight into regional cultural creation,as well as a means to question received narratives of breakdown,pacification,resistance,or Great Game struggle.Such modeling,and shared attention to accommodation perspectives generally,also presents,a space for dialogue across the New Qing History and Chinese nationalist divide in Qing frontier studies.
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