民国时期政府办公家具及室内空间的色彩模型分析

摘要

从色彩学的视角,揭示民国时期政府办公家具及室内空间的设计风格和特征,并为当代“民国风”家具及室内空间设计提供科学依据.以南京国民政府的总统府和行政院的5个典型办公室为样本,运用Lab和HSB色彩模型,采用实物-图像色彩转移与分析方法,对每个办公室中的办公桌、书橱、椅子、地板、木质墙裙、涂料墙裙和窗帘等部分的色彩进行测量.结果得到民国办公室家具及室内空间各样本的色彩测量数据,具体包括Lab色彩模型的明度L、红绿轴色品指数a和黄蓝轴色品指数b数据,以及HSB色彩模型的色相H、饱和度S和亮度B数据.根据这些数据,从办公场所和设计要素两个维度,对民国时期政府办公家具及室内空间的色彩特征和二维色彩综合明度进行系统分析.结果表明,从色相和搭配上看,南京民国建筑室内空间的色彩以棕色系为主,搭配方式以邻近色和同一色为主;从色彩的装饰感看,色彩种类较少、对比感较低和明度偏暗等特征使得南京的民国办公室内部色彩给人以稳重和压抑的感受;从办公室等级的色彩差异看,色彩的重与淡是区分档次与级别的重要方式.%From the perspective of chromatics,the design style and characteristics of the office furniture and interior space during the Republic of China were revealed with an aim to provide scientific basis for the current popular furniture and interior space design by imitating the style of the Republic of China.Five typical office samples were chosen from the presidential palace and Executive Yuan of Nanjing National Government.The colors of desks,bookcases,sofas,chairs,floors,wooden wall skirts,painted wall skirts,curtains,etc.from each sample office were measured with color models of Lab and HSB (hue,saturation,brightness) by entity-image color transfer.As a result,the color data of office furniture and interior space of the samples in the Republic of China were obtained,including luminosity (L),red-green axis index (a) and yellow-blue axis index (b) of Lab color model,and hue (H),saturation (S) and brightness (B) of HSB color model.According to the data,the color features of office furniture and interior space and the synthetic color luminosities of the offices in the Republic of China were analyzed in two dimensions of office sites and design considerations.The results of this study are as follows:in the aspect of hue and matching,browns are main colors in the interior spaces of the buildings during the Republic of China,and the mode of color matching is mainly adjacent or homochromatic.In the aspect of color decorative perception,the colors of the office interior space in the Republic of China provide people a steady and depressive impression due to the properties of less colors,lower contrast,darker luminosity and so on.In the aspect of color difference in different ranks of offices,darkness or light-ness of color is an important way to identify the class or rank of an office.