基于不同检测方法的养殖鱼类昼夜摄食节律研究进展

摘要

摄食节律是鱼类在长期演化过程中对光照、温度、饵料等周期性变动的环境条件主动适应的结果，掌握鱼类摄食节律直接关系到对养殖对象投喂时间、投喂方式、投喂频率等投喂策略的决定，继而影响饲料效率和养殖水体的污染负荷。综述了国内外养殖鱼类昼夜摄食节律检测方法的研究进展，总结分析了胃肠充塞度法、日摄食率法、自适应投喂法以及观察法这4种摄食节律研究方法的具体实施过程，比较了各自的优缺点，指出目前养殖鱼类摄食节律研究方法的局限性，并对未来养殖鱼类摄食节律的研究和应用进行了展望，旨在为已有摄食节律检测方法的优化改进以及新检测方法的提出提供参考。%Feeding rhythms are the results of the initiative adapting of fishes to the different and periodic environmental factors such as light, temperature, feeds and so on during their long-term evolution.Feeding rhythms can be used to determine the feeding strategies ( feeding time, feeding style and feeding frequency) of the cultured species which then affects feed efficiency and the pollution load of the aquatic water.This paper summarized the research progresses at home and abroad on the detection methods of diel feeding rhythms of the cultured fishes in recent decades.The detailed implementation processes of the research methods of feeding rhythms were also summed up and analyzed.These methods were respectively based on the fullness degree of the intestines and stomachs, daily feeding rates, self-adapting feeding and human observation.Then, the advantages and disadvantages of these methods were compared to provide references for the optimization of the existing detection methods and the proposing of new detection methods.Finally, based on the limits of the existing detection methods of feeding rhythms of the cultured fishes, this paper looked into the future research on and application of feeding rhythms.