阵列天线近场校准方法及在波束形成中的应用

摘要

Testing antenna in far field is much more difficulty since its big antenna caliber of large scale phased ar-ray antenna, and this can be effectively solved by using method of testing antenna in near field. The amplitude and phase error on large scale antenna array is tested and calibrated by using method of testing antenna in near fields in practical engineering application. The test results show that this method can be used to evaluate amplitude and phase consistency of array antenna. In respect to closed-loop calibration of the receiver, the antenna error calibra-tion can distinctly reduce side lobes after beam-forming, and the angle measurement deviation decreases obvious-ly, especially in the low frequency band of shortwave.%大型相控阵天线阵列由于天线口径很大，给天线远场测试带来很多困难，天线近场测试方法可以有效解决这类问题。本文在实际工程中利用天线近场测试方法对大型天线阵列的幅相误差进行了测试及校准。试验结果表明，此方法可以用于评估阵列天线的一致性。波束形成后，相对于接收机闭环校准，天线误差校准可以明显降低旁瓣，并且测角偏差明显减少，在短波低频段表现尤为突出。