目前对冰凌的定点爆破方式主要有水下药包爆破、冰中钻孔爆破及冰上裸露药包爆破,使用大型有限元软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA模拟了3种爆破方式冰层中压碎区及裂隙区的生成过程,对冰层的破坏半径、碎冰的飞散特点和水中冲击波强度进行了定量比较分析,分析结果显示水下药包爆破破坏半径是其他爆破方式的1.2至2.0倍,生成水中冲击波强度是其他爆破方式的近14倍.数值模拟结果与以往工程实践相互印证,对爆破法防凌具有一定参考意义.%In the practice of fixed-point ice blasting, charge can generally be placed in three ways; beneath, in the middle and on the top of ice. Each forming process of crush zone and crack zone in ice by the three ways was simulated numerically using large - scale finite element software ANSYS/LS-DYNA. Quantitative analysis about damage radius, distributing degree of crushed ices and strength of shock wave in water were performed among the three methods of blasting. The results show that when charge is placed under water, the destructive radius is 1.2 to 2.0 times larger and the strength of shock wave in water is about 14 times higher than those in other methods. The results of numerical simulation in combination with previous engineering practices can provide a reference for ice blasting.
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