硝化甘油喷射硝化器喷雾效果优化及试验验证

摘要

Spray nitration is the most common nitration method used in the production of nitroglycerin. But in the practical application, the spray often appears obvious inconsistency from batch to batch so that the inhomogeneity affects the production of nitroglycerin. In order to analyze the influence of different spray structure parameters to spray characteristic and optimize the spray structure, distribution of particle size and velocity of spray granular in different structure parameters, such as different nozzle types, machining precision, axial position of spray nozzle, were detected by phase Doppler analyzer ( PDA) . By means of experiment, distribution rule of particle size and velocity both in axial and radial direction were also obtained, and the optimal spray structure which made the particle diameter reduced to 40 μm, and the particle velocity reduced to 3 m/s was determined. This conclusion plays a role in guiding the actual production in factory.%喷射硝化法是目前最常用制备硝化甘油的硝化方法,但实际应用中常会出现批次与批次之间喷射效果差别太大、雾化效果不均匀等情况,对硝化甘油的制备产生了一定程度的影响。为了分析不同结构参数对喷射器喷射效果的影响,进而优化喷射器的结构,本文使用相位多普勒技术( PDA)的检测方法,检测了不同喷嘴安装形式、不同加工精度、不同流体喷嘴的轴向位置等不同结构参数下喷雾颗粒的粒径及速度分布。通过试验,得出了不同结构参数下雾化颗粒粒径、颗粒速度的轴向及径向分布规律,并得出了最优喷射器喷嘴结构,使雾化后颗粒的粒径降低至40μm以下,颗粒速度降低至3 m/s,对工厂的实际生产有一定的指导作用。