表面活性剂催化硝化TAIW制备CL-20

摘要

[ ABSTRACT] The preparation process of CL-20 by nitration with concentrated nitric and sulfuric acid in industrial scale is seriously hazardous to the environment due to a large number of waste acids. N2 O5 is an environmentally friendly nitrating agent, but it is not fully satisfied on account of low yield. Inexpensive surfactants were introduced into the preparation of CL-20, and it was found that surfactants are propitious to the synthesis of CL-20 in N2 O5/HNO3 system using TAIW as raw material. The effects of species and amount of surfactants, reaction time and temperature have been discussed. The opti-mum conditions are as follows:reaction temperature is 80 ℃, reaction time is 4 h, m( SDSN)︰m( TAIW)︰m( N2 O5 )︰V(HNO3) =0. 3 g︰3. 0 g︰4. 0 g︰15. 0 mL, and the yield and purity is 89. 6% and 95. 1%, respectively. This method shows a good prospect with high yield, low costs, less pollution and no-need recycle of catalysts.%针对工业混酸法制备CL-20废酸污染大及N2 O5/HNO3法收率低的现状,研究将成本低廉的表面活性剂引入到CL-20制备中,可大幅度提高产品收率。文章考察了表面活性剂种类、用量、反应时间及反应温度的影响,当反应温度为80℃,反应时间为4 h,物料比m( SDSN)︰m( TAIW)︰m( N2 O5)︰V( HNO3)＝0.3 g︰3.0 g︰4.0 g︰15.0 mL时,CL-20收率为89.6％,纯度为95.1％。该方法收率高,成本低,污染小,催化剂无需回收,有较强的应用前景。