一类爆轰合成用乳化炸药的爆轰反应特征

摘要

The characteristic of detonation reaction of the emulsion explosives containing Fe, Mn and Zn elements was discussed. The thermal decomposition characteristic of the explosives and detonation products, the ingredients and morphology of detonation products were all researched and characterized by DSC and TG experiments and XRD and TEM test. The most likely status of the solid products in detonation reaction process was also discussed and verified by numerical methods. Experimental results indicated that ammonium nitrate was helpful to form uniform and stable detonation reaction structure which was helpful to prepare nano-Mn(Zn) ferrite powders with same ingredients repeat-ably. The low-density explosives were incompletely detonated resulting in nano-Mn(Zn) ferrite powders containing lots of impurities. The numerical results indicated that the phase distribution diagram of the detonation products could help us understand the most likely status of the solid detonation products and Mn(Zn) ferrite powders formation mechanism in detonation reaction process.%结合热分解特性、爆轰产物状态及数值计算探讨所制备的含Fe、Mn(Zn)元素乳化炸药的爆轰反应特征.对该系列乳化炸药及其爆轰产物分别进行DSC和DTG实验、XRD检测和TEM表征,通过比较不同类型炸药及其爆轰产物的热分解特征、爆轰产物的成分和形貌、晶型畸变度等研究该类炸药爆轰反应特征 ;并通过数值计算研究和佐证了不同温度和压强状态下,爆轰固体产物可能存在状态.结果表明:硝酸铵有利于炸药爆轰时形成相对比较均匀和平稳的爆轰反应结构,而这种结构有利于可重复性合成比较单一和均匀的爆轰产物.高密度炸药的爆轰产物比低密度炸药的相对纯净.低密度炸药不完全爆轰,导致了爆轰产物杂质较多 ;数值计算结果表明,爆轰固体产物分布相图可以辅助分析爆轰固体产物可能存在状态及Mn(Zn)的爆轰合成机制.