仪式音声中的互动仪式链--以鄂西土家族“陪十姊妹”仪式音声为例

摘要

The development of the sound-voice studies represents the interdisciplinary fusion of Chinese mu-sic studies in the new era and the co-existence of multi-perspectives in research.Based on the fieldwork and archival studies,the paper takes the “accompanying ten sisters”ritual sound-voice of Tujia People in E'xi (western Hubei)areas as a case study in order to investigate the sound-voice of the “accompanying ten sisters”and the features of“songs for crying”,“ritualized time-space”and “female-centred group”through studies of the processes of“telling older sister,accompanying ten sisters,a hundred families sing-ing”in the ritual sound-voice.Based on the results,the paper tests the interactive ritual chain theory in sociology and proposes that the ritual sound-voice of“accompanying ten sisters”acts as symbol of tradition-al marital ritual,the function of“blurring night”is the surface layer force while the deep request is to pur-sue the maximum of emotional energy.Dowry is the explicit interpretation of the value and the nature of it is the pursuit of a complete interactive ritual chain.It is hoped in the paper that four key questions in the “ac-companying ten sisters”ritual can be answered:why (reason),how (to do it),why (for what)and where (where does it evolve to).%音声研究的兴起，体现了新时期中国音乐学的多学科融合，多视角并存的研究走向。文章以鄂西土家族“陪十姊妹”仪式音声为研究个案，以田野调查为基础，与文献分析相结合，通过对仪式音声中的“告祖、陪十姊妹席、百家唱”流程的再现，剖析了“陪十姊妹”音声“以歌代哭形式”“仪式化时空”“群体女性主角”的特征。在此基础上效验社会学互动仪式链理论，提出“陪十姊妹”仪式音声作为传统婚俗仪式符号，“混夜”功能是其表层动力，深层是追求情感能量的最大化；礼是其价值观的外显，本质是对完整互动仪式链的追求。以期通过本文研究回答陪十姊妹仪式研究中的四个核心问题：何以，何为，为何，何去。