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城市污水水质水量变化及生活污染源污染特征研究

     

摘要

在收集西安市污水处理厂近年来水质水量监测数据的基础上,统计分析污水处理厂水量水质的变化规律,并通过对不同生活污水污染源的现场监测,研究各类生活污水污染源的污染强度和污染特征,识别重点生活污染源。研究结果表明,西安市主要污水处理厂近年来进水量逐年增大,且进水水质逐年恶化,其中COD、SS和NH3-N浓度逐年增加,TP浓度年际变化较小;城市污水的水质水量随季节波动变化,西安市城市污水水量以及COD、SS和NH3-N等水质指标在7-9月份及春节期间出现高峰,这与季节及年节导致的用水量变化有关,但年内TP浓度均在10 mg/L以下,波动较小;生活类污染源中污染物浓度因行业不同而异,餐饮业、学校、住宿业及生活小区是生活类污染源中的"高污染"行业,加强对上述行业的监管力度,从源头消减污染物对于节能减排具有重要的现实意义。%Based on the water monitoring data of Xi'an municipal wastewater treatment plants in recent years,the variation rules of quality and quantity of municipal sewage were analyzed statistically.Pollution intensity and characteristics of various sewage pollution sources were studied to identify the key pollution sources through field monitoring.The results showed that water volume flowing in Xi'an main municipal wastewater treatment plants has been increasing in recent years,and water quality has been deteriorating year by year which manifested in increase of COD,SS and NH3-N concentration and small variability of TP concentration.The quantity and quality of Xi'an urban sewage fluctuates along with season.The water volume and water indicators on COD,SS and NH3-N boom in July,August,September and the Spring Festival,and this relates to the seasonal and festival water consumption.But TP concentrations are below 10 mg/L and have small fluctuations.The pollution concentrations of sewage pollution sources vary by industry.Restaurants,schools,housing industry and living community are the "high pollution" industries in sewage pollution sources.Strengthening the supervision of those industries and reducing pollutants from the source have important practical significance for energy conservation and emission.

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