中国金矿开采区环境汞污染

摘要

Mercury(Hg)is the typical pollutant for the environment of gold environment areas.The homology between Au and Hg leads to high Hg content in the gold ores.With amalgamation as the main gold extraction method,the Hg contamination of gold mines of China is very serious.The distribution and mining,dressing and smelting of gold mines in China have been introduced and the reasons of Hg environmental pollution in the gold mine areas have been studied.Furthermore,the release of Hg in process of the Au extraction has been analyzed and the contaminations of the soil,water,air and organism in the mining area caused by Au mining have been summarized.Finally,environment management and restoration of the ecosystem of Hg pollution in the gold mine areas have been discussed.%汞是金矿区环境的特征污染物。金汞同源性导致金矿床一般汞含量偏高,且在以混汞法为代表的提金过程影响下,导致了中国金矿区严重的环境汞污染问题。本文介绍了中国金矿分布与开采及选冶概况,研究了导致金矿区环境汞污染的原因,分析了金矿石选冶过程中汞的释放,并综述了金矿开采所致矿区土壤、水体、大气、生物体中汞污染状况,最后讨论了金矿区汞污染环境管理与生态修复。