医疗废物管理对环境影响的初探

摘要

Medical waste management is very important because the infectivity of medical waste may have an adverse effect on humans and the environment.Firstly, the legislation of medical waste disposal in various countries and the collection and classification of medical waste were summarized.Secondly, the advantages and disadvantages of incineration and autoclave treatment methods were discussed.Incineration caused the emissions of dioxin, furan and mercury that resulted in adverse health and environmental effects, while autoclave sterilization treatment didn`t treat all types of waste.Finally, the best way to control medical waste is to reduce the amount of production that can be achieved by good training of health care workers, standardized classification and collection of medical waste and improvement of infectious medical waste disposal methods.%医疗废物的传染性可能对人类和环境造成不良影响,因此医疗废物管理是非常重要的.首先概述了医疗废物处理在各国的立法情况,以及医疗废物的收集和分类情况,进一步讨论了焚烧和高压釜处理医疗废物方法的优缺点,焚烧会造成二恶英、呋喃和汞排放,造成不利的健康和环境影响,而高压釜处理不能处理所有类型的医疗废物.控制医疗废物的最佳手段是减少产生量,可以通过对医护人员进行良好的培训以及实施标准化医疗废物分类和收集来实现,并研究改进传染性医疗废物处理方法.