我国农耕土壤Cd污染与植物修复现状

摘要

中国人均耕地面积不足,农耕土壤的Cd污染问题对土壤资源的可持续利用和农作物的安全构成了巨大的潜在威胁.通过简述中国农耕土壤Cd污染现状和造成农耕土壤Cd污染的原因,并结合中原地区农耕土壤Cd污染调查情况,概述了中国近5年农耕土壤和农作物受到Cd污染的程度.总结近年来国家在济源开展植物修复土壤Cd污染试点工程及湖南启动长株潭耕地重金属污染修复以及农作物种植结构调整试点工程的修复效果,并简述了目前中国土壤的治理措施.最后,通过试点工程期间遇到的问题探究中国农耕土壤Cd污染的修复之路,展望未来Cd污染土壤修复工作的重点和预防措施.%Arable land areas are short in China, and cadmium pollution of agricultural soils has posed a huge potential threat to the crop safety and sustainable use of soil resources. In this review, the degree of cadmium contamination of crops and agriculture soils in China in the past five years is briefly summarized via the status and causes of cadmium pollution of agricultural soils in China in combination with relevant investigation of the situation in the flat areas. Remediation effects of the pilot program of phytoremediation of Cd polluted soils in Jiyuan, the remediation project of heavy metal polluted agriculture soils initiated in Chang-Zhu-Tan of Hunan Province, and the pilot project of crop planting restructuring are summed up. Current soil pollution control measures in China are briefly discussed. Lastly, remediation modes of cadmium polluted agricultural soils are discussed on the basis of the problems existing during the implementation of these pilot projects, and the focus and prevention measures of cadmium polluted soil remediation in the future is forecasted.