基于2014年113个环境保护重点城市的环境风险源和环境风险受体数据,构建环境风险评价指标体系,采用因子分析和聚类分析,对案例城市进行环境风险水平评价和环境风险类型分类.结果显示,从环境风险空间分布角度,东部城市环境风险水平两极化严重,主要影响因素是污染物排放水平的差异;西部城市环境风险处于中等偏高水平;中部城市环境风险处于中等水平;东北城市环境风险偏高,需要尽快转变经济发展结构.根据环境风险类型分布,识别出6类环境风险管理重点城市及其风险管理重点方向.资源型城市和一线城市环境风险管理的重点是污染治理,经济发展相对落后城市环境风险管理的重点是风险抵御,其余城市需要进行环境风险综合预防和管理.%On the basis of the data of sources and receptors of environmental risk in 113 key environmental protection cities in 2014,an index system of environmental risk assessment (ERA) was developed.Factor analysis and cluster analysis were used to assess the environmental risk levels and classify the risk types of case city.The results showed that the levels of environmental risk were quite different.From the perspective of spatial distribution of environmental risk,there was serious polarization in the eastern city and the main factor was the difference of pollution emission extent.Environmental risk was at a mediate to high level in western cities,at a medium level in central cities,but at a high level in the northeast cities,so it was necessary to transform the economic development structure as soon as possible.According to the environmental risk type,six kinds of key cities and orientations of environmental risk management were identified.The key point of environmental risk management in resource-based cities and the tier cities was pollution control and that in the cities with backward economic development was risk resistance.With regard to the other cities,comprehensive environmental risk prevention and management should be conducted.
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