深圳市近年来PM2.5污染控制效果分析

摘要

基于深圳大学城站点的PM2.5多年监测数据,对深圳市近年来PM25浓度及其化学组成变化情况进行了分析,探讨了深圳市采取的主要大气污染控制措施的效果并提出了相应建议.结果显示:2007-2015年深圳大学城站点PM2.5年均质量浓度由2007年的52.70 μg/m3降低至2015年的31.15μg/m3,达到了《环境空气质量标准》(GB 3095-2012)二级限值(35 μg/m3),大气污染控制取得了突出的效果;2015年与2009年的PM2.5化学组成相比,下降最多的依次为SO42-、有机物(OM)和元素碳(EC),分别降低4.44、3.03、1.99 μg/m3.对深圳市实施的综合污染控制措施分析表明,近年来深圳市PM25浓度降低主要得益于机动车尾气控制、电厂脱硫及挥发性有机物(VOCs)排放重点行业治理等.OM在PM2.5中的占比呈上升趋势并占据首位,未来应进一步加强对OM的一次来源以及二次来源的同步控制,并注重大气污染的区域联防联控.%To investigate the effects of major air pollution control measures of Shenzhen in recent years and put forward corresponding suggestions,the concentration and chemical composition variation of PM2.5 in Shenzhen were analyzed based on the PM2.5 monitoring data of Shenzhen University Town Station.The results showed that the annual average concentration of PM2.5 in Shenzhen University Town Station decreased from 52.70μg/m3 in 2007 to 31.15 μg/m3 in 2015,fulfilling the second stardard (35 μg/m3) of "Ambient air quality standards" (GB 3095-2012).Among all compositions,the decrease of SO24-,organic matter (OM) and elemental carbon (EC) were the top 3 most pronounced with concentrations dropped by 4.44,3.03 and 1.99 μg/m3 from 2009 to 2015,respectively.The results exhibited a significant effectiveness of the air pollution control measures.The integrated pollution control measures in Shenzhen indicated that the reduction of PM2.5 concentration was mainly owing to abatement of vehicle exhaust,desulfurization in power plants and the control of key industries of volatile organic compounds (VOCs).As the top contribution to PM2.5 concentration in Shenzhen,OM showed an increasing trend.Therefore,synchronous control of primary and secondary sources of OM should be further strengthened with an emphasis on the regional joint prevention and control of the air pollution.