舟山群岛夏季潮间带大型底栖生物群落生态学研究

摘要

To understand the present environment quality of the intertidal macrobenthos in Zhoushan archipelago,the macrobenthic community structure was studied based on data from 7 intertidal sections of Zhoushan archipelago in July 2009.The results showed that Mollusca,Crustacean and Polychaeta were the dominant groups in 103 species recorded.The average biomass was 96.19 g/m2,the average density was 223.1 ind/m2,and the Shannon-Weaver index was 2.14.According to cluster analysis,the macrobenthic community in Zhoushan archipelago can be divided into tow groups.The sediment envirment and tide were the most significant factors to affect community structure of intertidal macrobentic.The community of intertidal macrobenthoes in Shengsi section was unstressed; but the communites of intertidal macrobenthoes in the other sections were stressed moderately,and the community structures were terribly unstable.In conclusion,the community structure was simple,and both species number and Shannon-Weaver index were low,the environment quality of intertidal zone was not well in Zhoushan archipelago.%为了解舟山群岛潮间带大型底栖生物生态环境质量的现状,2009年7月对舟山群岛潮间带7个断面进行了大型底栖生物的分类、组成、栖息密度、生物量、多样性及群落稳定性等的研究.结果表明,该调查共鉴定大型底栖生物103种,软体动物、甲壳动物和多毛类构成主要类群.生物量平均值为96.19 g/m2,栖息密度平均值为223.1个/m2,多样性指数平均值为2.14.根据相似性系数聚类分析可将舟山群岛的潮间带各潮区分为2个组群.底质和潮汐是影响潮间带大型底栖生物群落结构的主要因子.嵊泗断面潮间带群落稳定性良好,其他断面的潮间带生物群落受到中度程度的污染或扰动,群落结构不稳定.总体上,舟山群岛潮间带大型底栖生物的种类相对贫乏,群落结构简单,多样性指数较低,生态环境质量较差.