废旧电容器资源化方法研究现状

摘要

电容器作为电子电器产品中主要的元器件之一.随着大量电子废弃物的产生,废旧电容器的产生量剧增,其含有可资源化的金属组分和多氯联苯等有害成分,因此对废旧电容器进行资源化回收成为中国乃至世界重点关注的问题.概述了不同种类的电容器的基本结构、组成特征、可资源化价值及可能的有害成分;总结了目前3种主流的废旧电容器的资源化和无害化处置的研究进展,包括废旧铝电解电容器、钽电容器及陶瓷电容器;指出电容器资源化技术在回收率、产品纯度等方面的优缺点;分析了资源化技术中存在的问题,并提出了废旧电容器资源化和无害化的发展方向.%Capacitor is one of the main components in electrical and electronic products. With the generation of large quantity of electronic wastes, and surging output of waste capacitors, since it contains metal components that can be recycled and harmful ingredients such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBS), the recycling of waste capacitors has become a major concern globally. This paper summarized the basic structure, composition characteristics, recycling value and possible harmful components of different kinds of capacitors, summarized the research progress on the recycling and harmless disposal of three main types of waste capacitors, including the waste aluminum electrolytic capacitor, tantalum capacitor and ceramic capacitor, pointed out the advantages and disadvantages of the recycling technology of capacitors in recovery rate, and product purity, etc., analyzed the problems existing in the recycling technology, and proposed the recycling and harmless development direction of waste capacitors.