为深入分析"水十条"对北京市地表水环境质量状况的影响程度,选取2014—2017年间全市地表水逐月监测数据,从水质类别、污染物浓度和总量减排等角度进行综合分析.结果显示:"水十条"的实施有效改善了北京市地表水环境质量,改善水体主要为劣Ⅴ类和Ⅳ～Ⅴ类水体;全市氨氮(NH3-N)和高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)浓度分别降低55.9％和25.9％,月际间变化规律由U型分布转变为整体下降趋势,其中以再生水、再生水和污水混合水为水源的河流改善幅度较大;污染物总量控制成效显著,"水十条"的实施加速了水劣化足迹的下降.因子分析结果显示:城市、农村和自然为影响北京地表水水质的主要因素.其中,城市化水平与污染物浓度呈显著负相关关系,增加生态用水、加强农业污染源和城市非点源的治理力度将推进首都水环境状况的持续改善.%In order to analyze the effect of the ten-action plan for prevention and control of water pollution on surface water quality in Beijing, monthly data of the surface water of the whole city from year 2014 to 2017 were selected for comprehensive analysis from the change of water quality grade, pollutant concentration and total emission reduction, etc. Results indicated that, the implementation of the ten-action plan improved the water quality of surface water in Beijing effectively, especially for water of inferior Ⅴ grade and Ⅳ ～ Ⅴ grade; during this period, the concentration of NH3-N and CODMnhad reduced by 55.9％ and 25.9％ respectively, and the inter-monthly change law changed from U-shape distribution to overall decreasing trend; the rivers supplied by reclaimed water and mixed water source improved more significantly than others; there was a significant progress in total pollutants amount controlling, and the water degradation footprint declined sharply. The result of factor analysis showed that surface water in Beijing was mainly affected by urban, agricultural and natural factors. Including, there was a significant negative correlation between urbanization level and pollution concentrations, and increasing ecological water, and strengthening harness force of agricultural pollution source and urban non-point source would promote continuous improvement of the water environment in Beijing.
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