生活垃圾的物理组成和特性对于垃圾处理设施的有效规划非常重要.以北京市海淀区和东城区典型居住区的生活垃圾作为研究对象,对4个季度生活垃圾的物理组成、含水率和热值进行了分析.结果表明:海淀区和东城区生活垃圾的主要成分均为厨余垃圾、纸类和塑料垃圾,其总和占垃圾总质量的85％以上,其中厨余垃圾的比例最大;通过与早期文献中垃圾物理组成的比较,北京市垃圾物理组成呈现的新变化是厨余垃圾的含量明显下降,纸类和塑料含量均明显上升,灰土含量保持下降.海淀区和东城区4个季度垃圾的平均含水率分别为58.29％和60.62％,平均低位热值分别为5 796.45,5 060.85 kJ/kg,故适宜进行焚烧处理.垃圾中塑料和纸类与垃圾热值呈显著相关,含水率与垃圾热值呈负相关.该研究结果可为北京市生活垃圾的管理和设施规划提供参考依据.%Information on composition and characteristics of MSW was recognized important for the effective planning of MSW handling infrastructures.The municipal solid waste (MSW) in typical residential areas of Haidian and Dongcheng districts in Beijing,were taken as the research objects,and physical composition,moisture content and calorific value of the MSW in four seasons were analyzed.The results indicated that:The main components of the MSW were kitchen waste,paper and plastic,and the mass of the three components accounted for more than 85％ of the total mass of MSW;kitchen waste was the largest proportion of MSW,and compared with the MSW composition over the past years,the new changes of MSW composition was that kitchen waste content decreased obviously,paper and plastic content significantly increased,and the content of ash continued to decrease;the average moisture content and low calorific value of MSW were 58.29％,60.62％,and 5 796.45,5 060.85 kJ/kg in Haidian and Dongcheng Districts,respectively;the MSW were suitable for incineration.The correlation analysis indicated that the heat value was positively correlated with the composition of plastics and paper,and negatively correlated with moisture content.The research could provided reference for MSW management and facilities' planning in Beijing.
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