基于遥感技术的水电梯级开发及对生态系统影响遥感监测

摘要

This paper focuses on the research of remote sensing technology application on cascade hydropower stations recognition and their ecological system impact analysis�The results show that ( 1) if appropriate resolution images are selected according to the hydropower station′s type and scale, the cascade hydropower stations can be identified and thus, we can further carry out the impact analysis by remote sensing; ( 2) the impact on the ecosystem can be analysis from two aspects, and for the dam hub construction, the impact is mainly manifested in the destruction of vegetation, the increased risk of soil erosion, for the entire reservoir area, the impact is inundate large tracts of farmland, grass, beaches, towns and rural settlements, the large number of immigrants, water increased greatly but the morphology changed a lot, and the building, roads increased rapidly.%本文对遥感技术在梯级开发水电站识别和对生态系统的影响中的应用技术进行研究，结果表明：（1）根据水电站类型和规模特征，选择合适分辨率的遥感影像，可以对河流梯级开发水电站进行遥感识别，进而开展河流梯级开发水电站对区域生态系统影响动态监测；（2）梯级开发水电站建设对生态系统的影响可从大坝枢纽区和整个库区两个方面开展分析，大坝枢纽建设区对生态系统的影响主要表现在植被破坏、区域土壤侵蚀风险增加；对整个库区生态系统的影响则主要表现在淹没大量农田、林草、滩地、城镇和农村居民点，移民数量大，水域大幅增加但河流形态发生很大变化，建筑及道路增长迅速。