纺织废料生物复合板的制备及其表征

摘要

Light and green textile wastes bio-composites(TWBCs) panels were prepared from waste cotton fibers, waste polyester fibers and waste polyester-cotton fibers by the use of fungus cultivation to intertwine the waste fibers and then certain post-processing. The component of bio-composite panels was measured by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Then the surface and cross-sectional morphology of the panels were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that infrared spectroscopy of the three TWBCs panels consist of three kinds of fibers has obviously different characteristics. SEM analysis reveal that the intertwinement between fibers and fungal mycelium is considerable. Soil degradation test demonstrate that TWBCs panels has a certain biodegradability. Furthermore, the biological degradation properties of waste cotton fiber composites is the best, waste polyester-cotton composites is followed, and waste polyester bio-composites is the worst. The preparation process is simple,shortly-periodical,low cost and the prepared panels have biological degradation properties.%采用废棉纤维、废涤纶和废涤棉纤维，利用真菌培养把废纤维缠结在一起并经过一定的后加工处理得到了轻质环保的纺织废料生物复合(TWBCs)板。利用傅立叶变换红外光谱仪分析了其中含有的纤维成分，利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察 TWBCs 板的表面及截面形貌。结果表明，含有三种不同纤维成分的 TWBCs 板的红外光谱明显具有不同的特征；SEM 分析表明，纤维和真菌的菌丝体已经很好地结合在一起。土壤降解测试证明 TWBCs 板具有一定的生物可降解性。废棉纤维 TWBCs 的降解性能较强，废涤棉 TWBCs 的降解性能次之，而废涤纶 TWBCs 的最差。该方法制备工艺简单、周期短、成本低廉且所制备的 TWBCs 材料具有生物可降解性。