聚磷酸铵制备及表征研究进展

摘要

Some synthesis methods of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) were introduced,including the polymerization of H3PO4 and CO(NH2)2,the polymerization of (NH4)2HPO4 and P2O5 etc,the strengths and weaknesses of them were introduced as well. For discriminate APP–Ⅰfrom APP–Ⅱ,the characterization methods of infrared spectroscopy,X–ray diffraction spectrum,water solubility and degree of polymerization were also introduced. APP which has a higher polymerization degree is better compatible with polymer material. Determination of the polymerization degree include methods of end-group titration,light scattering,viscosity and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR),etc. Among them,the solid-state NMR method has high accuracy and is the preferred method for the analysis of polymerization degree. However,due to the limitation of the instrument,the methods can be used in accordance with the actual situation.%介绍了磷酸–尿素缩合、磷酸铵–尿素缩合、磷酸铵盐–五氧化二磷聚合等聚磷酸铵(APP)的制备方法及其优缺点。针对Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型APP的判定，在水溶解度、聚合度等性能测定的基础上，采用红外光谱、X射线衍射光谱等结构表征方法对其构型作进一步判定。APP的聚合度愈高，与高分子材料的相容性愈好，聚合度的测定方法有端基滴定法、光散射法、黏度法、核磁共振法，其中固体核磁共振法测定准确度高，是聚合度分析的首选方法，但由于受到仪器的限制，可以根据实际情况，综合使用各种方法进行判定。