壳聚糖/聚磷酸铵膨胀阻燃PP的阻燃及抑烟性能

摘要

为了提高聚丙烯(PP)的阻燃和抑烟性能,将壳聚糖(CS)作为膨胀型阻燃剂的碳源、聚磷酸铵(APP)作为膨胀型阻燃剂的酸源和气源,在此基础上通过熔融共混的方法制备了PP/CS/APP复合材料.采用极限氧指数仪、锥形量热仪等仪器研究了PP/CS/APP复合材料的的抑烟性及阻燃性.研究结果表明:CS/APP添加量为30%时,复合材料的极限氧指数值最大可达28.1%;且复合材料在烟气释放总量、CO和CO2排放上明显降低,抑烟性得到了提升;热释放速率峰值、平均热释放速率值、平均有效燃烧热值、总热释放量值降低,成炭率升高,PP/CS/APP复合材料更难点燃;火灾性能指数明显提高,阻燃性能得到了大幅度提升,火灾蔓延指数显著减小,同时火灾危险性也相应降低.%In order to improve the flame retardancy and smoke suppression performance of polypropylene (PP),chitosan (CS) was used as the carbon source of the intumescent flame retardant,ammonium phosphate (APP) as the acid source and gas source of intumescent flame retardant,and PP/CS/APP composites were prepared by melt blending. The smoke suppression andflame retardancy of PP/CS/APP composites were studied by means of limit oxygen index instrument,cone calorimeter and other instruments. The results show that the maximum oxygen limit value of composite material is 28.1%,when the content of CS/APP is 30%,and the composite material in total smoke release,CO and CO2 emissions are decreased significantly,the smoke suppression has been improved. The peak heat release rate,the mean heat release rate,the mean effective heat of combustion and the total heat release value are lower,the char yield is higher,and PP/CS/APP composites are more difficult to ignite. The fire performance index is significantly improved,flame retardant performance has been greatly improved,the fire spread index is decreased significantly,and the danger of fire is reduced simultaneously.