跨时钟域信号的几种同步方法研究

摘要

为使跨时钟域信号能够被目标时钟正确采集,提出并总结了几种同步方法,详尽论述了这些方法所涉及的存储器计算和synthesis设置。跨时钟域信号的同步方法应根据源时钟与目标时钟的相位关系、该信号的时间宽度和多个跨时钟域信号之间的时序关系来选择。如果两时钟有确定的相位关系,可由目标时钟直接采集跨时钟域信号,且在synthesis中应设此两时钟为同步关系;否则,需要借助FIFO（First in,First out）,在synthesis时,此两时钟必须设为false path关系。跨时钟域信号的宽度至少应为目标时钟周期的两倍。对于彼此有确定时序关系的多个跨时钟域信号,在同步前应使其保持足够距离。所述方法在CMOS（Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor）图像传感器的设计中被实际应用。经仿真和芯片的系统验证,该图像传感器可以正确完成信号在各时钟间的同步,并以60帧/s的速率正确输出分辨率为1 280×720的数据。%To have destination clock sample correctly signals across clock domains,this paper proposes the several synchronous methods and discusses how to calculate depth of corresponding memory and how to set the synthesis parameters.According to phase relation between source and destination clocks,width of signals and timing relation between the signals,the synchronous methods are chosen.If the phase relation is certain,destination clock may directly sample signals across clock domains,and synchronous relation is set to the clocks in synthesis.Otherwise,FIFO（First in,First out） must be applied,and paths across the clock domains must be set to false path in synthesis.Width of signals is at least twice as long as period of destination clock.If signals have certain order relation with each other,sufficient distance must be held in source clock domain.The methods were applied in a practical design for CMOS（Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor） image sensor.By simulation and chip system verification,the sensor can synchronize signals between clock domains and transmit correctly images of resource 1 280×720 at 60 fps.