突破衍射极限的表面等离子体激元

摘要

Surface plasmonics polaritons are waves that propagate along the metal-dielectric interfaces, caused by the collective oscillations of electron plasma in the metal induced by the external electromagnetic field. With the properties of sub-wavelength localization, near-field enhacement and novel dispertions, surface plamon polaritons play a significant role in nanophotonics. Plasmonic devices have the potential of integrating microelectronics and photonics in one chip beyond the diffraction limit. The basic principles of plasmonics, and their applications in optical waveguides, detectors, modulators and solar cells are discussed.%表面等离子体激元是外部电磁场诱导金属表面自由电子的集体共振，产生沿金属-介质界面传输的表面波，具有亚波长局域、近场增强和新颖的色散特性，在纳米光子学中发挥着重要的角色。利用表面等离子体激元构成的光学器件能够突破衍射极限，实现微电子与光子在同一个芯片上的集成。系统介绍了表面等离子体激元的基本原理，及其在光波导、探测器、调制器和太阳能电池等方面的重要应用。