深层学习是大学生学习质量的重要表征.对中美8所研究型大学的比较研究发现,中国研究型大学本科生在知识的理解和掌握及知识的综合和创新两个深层学习的构成维度上尚显不足,课堂讨论、同伴互动、师生互动、学习习惯、学习时间投入等学习参与变量显著地影响中美大学生的深层学习,其中互动性参与变量对中国研究型大学本科生的深层学习有着值得重视的加速影响效应.怀抱"以学生为本"的信念,关注学生的深层学习,是打造高品质本科教育的理念根基;倡导参与式学习,重视参与式学习环境的营造,是创建一流本科教育的路径抓手;关注互动性参与的加速影响效应,体悟中国学生学习行为的文化特质,是实现中国本科教育质量提升的文化之道.%Deep learning is a very important indicator of an undergraduate's learning quality. Based on the comparison between eight universities in China and USA, we got the following results. Firstly, "knowledge understanding" and "knowledge innovation" are two dimensions of deep learning,and Chinese research universities are behind the US research universities in these two dimensions. Secondly,classroom discussion,peer interaction,facultystudent interaction,learning habit and time spent in learning are five variables of learning engagement,and these engagement factors have significant influence on deep learning,both for the students in China and USA. Thirdly,three "interaction" variables(classroom discussion,peer interaction,and faculty- student interaction)have an accelerated influencing effect on deep learning for Chinese students,compared to their US counterparts. Based on the above results,it is suggested that,for constructing first-class undergraduate education in China,paying attention to the students' deep learning is the idea base,constructing the classroom learning environment with more "interaction" traits is the key route, attaching more importance to the accelerating effect of "interaction" and understanding the traditional learning culture of China are the cultural logic.
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