光质对烤烟生长发育、主要经济性状和品质特征的影响

摘要

We studied the effects of light quality on growth and development, major economic properties and quality characters of flue-cured tobacco by using flue-cured tobacco Yunyan 87 as the test material. We used colored films of similar transmittance to conduct shadings treatment on the bird-nest stage and at the topping period of flue-cured tobacco until the end of growth. Results showed blue light could promote the reproductive growth of tobacco plants and delay maturation of tobacco leaves. While red, yellow and white light did not influence the development progress of tobacco significantly, and the growth period of tobacco would be extended when the shading was conducted at topping period. Light quality has the strongest significant effect on the growth of tobacco leaves, the influence of red and blue light was stronger during the earlier stages of growth, while the influence of yellow and white light was stronger at later growing periods. Agronomic traits of the tobacco plant achieved to the best overall performance under natural light and red film. Red light could improve the growth of the tobacco stem and leaves, as well as blue and yellow lightcould restrain the growth of tobacco stem and reduce leaf area. Increasing the proportion of red light on the tobacco during the earlier growing stage improved the major economic properties of cured tobacco leaves, the effects of blue light became more obviously important during the latter stage of growth. The proper combination of red light and yellow light may play an important role in improving the tobacco leaf quality in different growing period. Increasing the proportion of red light on the tobacco during the earlier growing stage reduced the content of nicotine and protein in cured tobacco leaves as well as improved the carbohydrate content and the smoking quality of cured tobacco leaves, however, which was found to negatively affect the potassium oxide content. While enhancing yellow light proportion during later growing periods could obviously improve the smoking quality of cured tobacco leaves , and its chemical compositions were more harmonious.%以烤烟(Nicotiana tabacum)云烟87为材料,在烤烟团棵期和打顶期用透光率相近的有色薄膜分别对其进行遮光处理直到采收结束,研究光质对烤烟生长发育、主要经济性状和品质特征的影响.结果表明:蓝光有促进烟株生殖生长和延缓烟叶成熟的作用,红光、黄光和白光对烟株的生育进程无明显影响,打顶期遮光有延长烟株大田生育期的趋势.光质对叶片生长发育影响最大,红光和蓝光的影响效应主要表现在烟叶生育前期,黄光和白光的影响效应主要体现在烟叶生育后期.自然光和红膜下烟株的农艺性状综合表现最好,红光有促进烟茎生长和叶片发育的作用,蓝光和黄光则抑制茎干生长和降低叶面积.烟株生长前期增加红光比例有助于初烤烟叶主要经济性状的改善,后期蓝光的作用逐渐凸显.烟株不同生长时期红光和黄光的适当组合在改善烟叶品质中起着重要作用,烟株生长前期增加红光比例有利于降低初烤烟叶烟碱和蛋白质含量,提高糖类物质含量和评吸质量,但对氧化钾含量作负效应贡献；烟株生长后期提高黄光比例可使初烤烟叶的化学成分更为协调,对吸食品质有较好的提升作用.