植物与昆虫是森林生态系统的重要组成成分，两者通过长期的协同进化形成了密切的相互关系，在森林生态系统中发挥着承上启下的作用，连接了初级生产和高级消费，是森林生态系统中重要的动态中心.植物叶片的虫食特征是植物与昆虫相互作用关系的重要表征.选取福建梅花山和浙江天童两地76种常绿阔叶林植物为研究对象，采用野外调查与室内统计分析相结合的方式对植物叶片的虫食率和虫食频度进行了研究，以期了解亚热带常绿阔叶林植物叶片所面临的食叶昆虫取食压力.结果表明：76种植物平均虫食率为7.21%，虫食频度为32.95%.多数植物的叶片虫食率低于10%，叶片虫食频度主要分布在10%~60%之间.乔木种与灌木种、优势植物与伴生植物之间的叶片虫食率和虫食频度均不存在显著差异(P>0.05).超过60%的叶片虫食率和虫食频度发生在展叶期.福建梅花山常绿阔叶林植物的叶片虫食率(P=0.012)和虫食频度(P=0.74)均高于浙江天童.植物幼叶的虫食率随着海拔的升高而下降.以上结果表明，常绿阔叶林植物的叶片虫食强度介于热带雨林(11.1%)和温带森林(7.1%)之间，展叶期是叶片虫食发生的主要阶段，表现出过渡性特征；叶片的虫食在不同生活型和优势程度的植物间存在差异；叶片虫食率随纬度的升高和海拔的上升而降低.%Plants and insect herbivores play a major role in nutrient cycling and energy transfer in forest ecosystem, who formed close relationships through a long term evolution process, and connected with primary production and consumption. For the purpose of determine the patterns of herbivory in subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest the study investigated herbivory rate and frequency on leaves of 76 evergreen plant species in Mt. Meihuashan, Fujian province and Tiantong National Forest Park, Zhejiang province. In this study, herbivory on leaves was 7.21% and herbivory frequency was 32.95%. With herbivory frequency between 10%and 60%, herbivory rates of most species were less than 10%. No matter tree species and shrub species or companion species and dominant species, herbivory rates on leaves were no significant difference between them (P>0.05). Both herbivory rates (P=0.012)and herbivory frequency(P=0.74)of evergreen broad-leaved in Mt. Meihuashan, Fujian province are higher than Tiantong National Forest Park, Zhejiang province. Young plant leaves herbivory rate decreased with increasing elevation. The results indicated that the leaf damage of leaves in evergreen broad-leaved forest is between those in tropical rain forest (11.1%) and deciduous forest (7.1%). Life form and dominance affected herbivory on leaves. Rates of leaf damage reduced with the rising of latitude and altitude gradient. The majority of damage occurs during the short window when leaves are young and expanding.
展开▼
