上海市河道底栖动物群落结构与环境因子的关系

摘要

为研究上海市河道底栖动物的空间分布、指示物种及其与环境因子的相互关系，对上海市8区县河道的总氮（TN）、总磷（TP）、高锰酸盐指数（CODmn）、酸碱度（pH）、温度（t）、溶解氧（DO）、叶绿素a（Chla）、盐度（Sal）等8个常见的环境因子进行监测分析，并对底栖动物的空间分布、种类数、生物量开展调查与数据分析。结果表明：不同种类的底栖动物对环境的适应性及敏感型不同，8种环境因子中 pH、溶解氧、总氮、盐度对底栖动物种类的影响较大，是影响河道底栖动物空间分布及生物量的主要影响因子；霍甫水丝蚓（Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri）、苏氏尾腮蚓（Branchiura sowerbyi）、巨毛水丝蚓（Limnodrilus grandisetosusNomura）与总氮、总磷、高锰酸盐指数、叶绿素a相关性较大，是上海市河道水体重度富营养化的指示物种；疣吻沙蚕（Tylorrhynchus heterochaetus）、锯齿新米虾（Neocaridina denticulatedenticulata）、日本旋卷裸蠃蜚（CurupHiurn volurutur）与水体溶解氧显著相关，与总氮、总磷、高锰酸盐指数呈显著负相关，可以作为上海市河道水体轻度污染的指示物种；环境因子对底栖动物的影响是多因子影响的综合反应，不同环境因子的交互影响决定了底栖动物的空间分布和生物量，因此，底栖动物群落结构和空间分布对环境因子具有直观的反映作用。%To study the relationship of the spatial distribution and indicator species of the Zoobenthos with environmental factors. We have monitored of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, potassium permanganate index, pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll a and salinity of Shanghai urban rivers, and analyzed the spatial distribution, species number and biomass of zoobenthos. The results show that: the adaptability and sensitive of different kinds of zoobenthos to the environment is distinct. The pH, dissolved oxygen, total nitrogen and salinity in the eight kinds of environment factors, affected spatial distribution and biomass of Zoobenthos ,is the main influence factors. Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, Branchiura sowerbyi, Limnodrilus grandisetosusNomurawith the total nitrogen, total phosphorus, potassium permanganate index and chlorophyll a have a significant correlation, is indicator species of severe eutrophication in Shanghai's river;Tylorrhynchus heterochaetus,Neocaridina denticulatedenticulata,Curuphiurn voluruturwas a significant associated with water dissolved oxygen, but with total nitrogen, total phosphorus, potassium permanganate index were significantly negative correlation, can be used as indicator species of river light pollutioned in Shanghai. Environmental factors affected zoobenthos is the comprehensive effect of many factors, the interaction of different environmental factors determines the distribution and biomass of zoobenthos, therefore, the community structure and spatial distribution of zoobenthos has intuitive reflect to the comprehensive situation.