Grassland is one of the important components in terrestrial ecosystem, it provides a variety of useful productions and services for human beings. Grassland ecosystems have multiple functions and play an important role in conserving biodiversity, providing productivity, avoiding wind erosion, buffering climate changes, and sand fixation, etc. However, human beings had extensively exploited natural resources with the process of urbanization and industrialization in order to pursue the fast economic development at the expense of the environment and natural resources. Therefore, the contradiction between social and economic development and the resource conservation has become more and more prominent. For example, more and more organisms are in the facing of extinction. Also, ecosystem services are in the facing of exhaustion. At the same time, climate changes are impacting grassland ecosystem. These problems have severely threatened the sustainable development of society and economy on the other way round. The utilization and management to grassland ecosystem were primarily directed by human practical experience after human grazing disturbance intervened into natural ecosystem. The progress in theoretical research of ecosystem structure and function is a little slow which cannot provide good direction to the management. With the restriction of theoretical study, technology and methods, grassland utilization and development went through the long period of the lack of scientific guidance and reasonable regulation. With the wide application of mathematical methods and rapid development of information technology in ecology, we gain deep understanding on the relationship between ecosystems structure and function. Ecologists are trying to use information science, dynamic system science and network analysis technology to simulate accurately the biodiversity and multiple ecological function networks and analyze the trade-off relationships among multiple functions and optimize ecosystem services. We will perform scientific prediction for grassland development, and strengthen the artificial regulation to the sustainable development of grassland. It is urgent to conserve biodiversity and optimize the multiple ecosystem function and through this approach to realize grassland sustainable development and harmonious co-existence between man and nature. In this paper, we will discusses the problems mentioned above and introduce the important research progress of biodiversity, function and management of grassland ecosystem and put forward some suggestions and research prospects to promote the sustainable development of grassland ecosystem.%草地生态系统作为陆地生态系统的主要类型之一,能够为人类提供丰富多样的生产和服务功能,在维持和保护生物多样性、提供生产力、土壤碳库、养分循环、防风固沙、保持水土、涵养水源、调节气候等方面发挥着重要功能.然而,随着城市化和工业化进程的加快,人类对自然界进行了高强度掠夺式开发利用,为谋求经济发展而不惜以牺牲环境与自然资源为代价,致使社会经济的发展同资源与环境保护之间的矛盾日益突出,如越来越多的生物面临灭绝、生态系统服务功能下降、全球气候变化等,而这些问题反过来又影响了社会经济的可持续发展.在人类活动附加于自然草地生态系统后,草地的利用与经营管理方式以依赖实践和经验为主导,而关于草地生态系统结构和功能的理论研究一直处于探索积累阶段而不能很好地指导实践,致使草地利用与发展经历了缺乏科学指导和合理调控的盲目发展模式.随着数学方法和信息技术等在生态学中的广泛应用,对生态系统结构、组分之间机理联系的深入认识,生态学家正试图利用信息科学、系统科学和网络分析技术,准确模拟生物多样性、多元生态功能网络,分析多功能之间的权衡关系,优化生态系统服务,实现对草地发展趋势的科学预警,加强草地良性发展的人为调控,以最终实现生物多样性保护、优化生态功能和可持续发展的科学管理系统.文章综述了生物多样性和草地生态系统功能与管理的重要研究进展,提出了促进草地生态系统可持续发展的建议与研究展望.
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