液氦温区小型节流制冷机发展现状及趋势

摘要

随着国际空间与地面制冷技术的不断发展,对液氦温区甚至超流氦温区的冷环境需求场合越来越广.针对目前国外在深低温超小型节流制冷器方面的研究已经开展并取得可观成果,介绍了有关J-T节流的原理、J-T节流制冷机的结构等有关知识,概述了当前国外10 K以下温区J-T节流制冷机的应用情况,对液氦温区J-T节流制冷机的发展前景进行了展望.%In the fields of infrared detection and other high-tech technology, many components need to work at low temperatures to reduce the thermal interference and improve the sensitivity, thereby increasing the reliability and working life of the device. Currently there is no domestic research on liquid helium temperature throttling cryocoolers, while this study was carried out in some countries and achieved impressive results. The principle and the structure of J-T throttling was introduced, then the current application of lower than 10 K J-T throttling cryocooler was reviewed. Finally, the future development of J-T throttling refrigeration system was discussed.