4K磁性蓄冷材料比热及应用综述

摘要

蓄冷材料常应用于超导磁体、低温制冷机等低温装置.因其低温下的高比热特性,单位体积可储存较大冷量.文中针对4K温度范围的磁性蓄冷材料的比热及其应用进行了综述,讨论的磁性蓄冷材料主要包括稀土金属元素构成的金属间化合物.简要介绍了低温比热理论,给出了相关磁性蓄冷材料的德拜温度、相变温度、晶格结构.针对不同材料应用于4K制冷机的情况进行了总结分析.最后,概括了近年来磁性蓄冷材料在超导领域的应用.%Owing to phase transition at Curie point or Neel point, magnetic regenerator materials are often employed in cryogenic applications (like superconducting magnets and cryocoolers) for large cold energy storage capacity. These materials being discussed mainly include intermetallics of rare earth metal compounds. Heat capacity theory at low temperatures and Debye temperature, phase - transition temperature and lattice structure of magnetic regenerator materials were introduced briefly. The performance of 4K cryocoolers with magnetic regenerator materials and the utilization of large heat capacity materials for improving transient stability of superconducting magnets were summarized.