Cellulose ethanol is one of the most important ways for the high-value conversion of straw materials, which will reduce the environmental pollution. Material pretreatment is a critical step in the whole process of cellulose ethanol technology. Steam explosion technology is one of the most popular and highest level industrialization pretreatment technologies. In this paper, application of steam explosion technology in cellulose ethanol industrial unit was reviewed. The steam explosion types, equipments, processes and chemicals were introduced respectively. In general, two-stage continuous steam explosion is one of the most promising technologies because of low inhibitor yield, high xylose recovery and low material cost. While the facilities must have good characteristics of pressure-bearing, stability and system control. On the other hand, neutral or low acid steam explosion is the most potential in the future.%纤维素乙醇技术是推动秸秆高值化利用、缓解环境压力的重要途径之一.在整个工艺过程中,原料预处理对于纤维素乙醇技术的发展起着至关重要的作用.其中,蒸汽爆破是目前应用最广、工业化水平最高的预处理技术之一.综述了汽爆技术在纤维素乙醇工业化装置中的应用,按照汽爆方式、汽爆设备类型、工艺流程和添加的化学试剂的不同,对汽爆工艺和设备分别进行了介绍.综合而言,两段式连续汽爆预处理能够有效的降低半纤维素降解产生的抑制物,提高木糖回收率,降低原料成本,是比较有应用前途的技术之一,对设备的耐压能力和稳定性以及系统控制水平要求较高.从化学试剂的使用来看,中性或低酸汽爆是未来工业发展的方向.
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