学生群体紧急疏散仿真及在出口设计中的应用

摘要

针对学校大型建筑中人群分布密集的问题,研究了学生群体的紧急疏散仿真.首先分析了紧急情况下的群体行为特点,并根据现实生活中个体差异的统计特征,对逃生人群的不同属性特征进行了分类,然后采用社会力模型实现了学生群体的紧急疏散仿真,解决了传统疏散仿真中人员的无差异性问题.该仿真能够更加真实地反映出现实生活中的人群疏散,达到较好的效果.最后,基于该仿真模型,着重分析了建筑物出口设计对群体疏散的影响,分析结果表明:不同的出口宽度、位置对群体疏散的影响不同,从而可以为大型建筑的出口设计提供有益的参考.%Aiming to large buildings' crowded problem in schools,studied the evacuation simulation of students group in emergency.Firstly,analyzed the characteristics of crowds' behaviors in emergency.Secondly,according to the differences between individuals in real life,classified the escaping crowds into two classes and realized the evacuation simulation of students group on the basis of social force model,solving the traditional simulation's problems without considering the differences between people.The simulation can better reflect the crowd evacuation in real life and achieved desired results.Based on the simulation model that has been constructed,analyzed the influences of buildings export design on the group evacuation.The analysis results showed that different widths and positions of exports have different effects to group evacuation,can be used to provide beneficial references for the design of exports in large buildings.