硬币抛掷在密码学和现实生活中都有重要的应用。比如篮球比赛或足球比赛，裁判用硬币抛掷的正反来决定哪边先开球。然后裁判抛掷硬币，如果硬币是正面，那么甲方从左往右攻；反之，乙方从左往右攻。这个实验就是一种简单的硬币抛掷协议。然而，对于不在同一地方的两人来说，如何公平地抛掷硬币，就是一个有待研究的问题了。研究了两方抛掷硬币的一个推广问题—多方抛掷硬币问题，构造了这个问题的解决方案。该方案基于Goldwasser-Micali概率加密算法的异或同态性和因子分子的困难性，对多人抛掷硬币的结果进行异或运算，实现了安全多方计算，保证了多人抛掷硬币的安全性和公平性。并对该方案进行了安全性分析和复杂度分析。%The coin toss has important applications in both cryptography and information security. For example,in a basketball match or a football match,the referee decides which team to play first by the result of a coin toss,then judges the toss of a coin. If a coin is positive, the party A attacks from left to right;conversely,party B does from left to right. This experiment is a kind of simple coin drop agreement. However,for two people not in the same place,how to fairly toss a coin is a problem to be researched. Studies an extended problem of a coin toss:multi-party coin toss protocol,and constructs a solution to it. This scheme is based on the XOR homomorphism of Goldwasser-Micali probabilistic encryption algorithm and difficulty of factor molecules,and is exclusive or operation to the results of many people toss of a coin,guaranteeing the security and fairness in secure multiparty coin toss. It proves that these protocols are analyzed in security and complexity.
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