一种改进遗传算法的PID参数整定研究

摘要

PID control is the most common control method so far. It has the advantages of simple structure,good stability,reliable opera-tion,easy adjustment and so on,which is widely used in the field of industrial control. In PID control,the stability and speed of the control system is determined by the choice of PID parameters. In the traditional PID parameter tuning,the trial and error method is used widely. However,this method is time-consuming,and it is difficult to meet the requirements. In order to solve this problem,a PID parameter tun-ing method is proposed based on improved genetic algorithm. The selection operator,crossover operator and mutation operator are im-proved. The method makes up for shortcomings which the basic genetic algorithm is easy to fall into local optimum. It speeds up the con-vergence rate of genetic algorithm. Simulation show that it is feasible.%PID控制是迄今为止最通用的控制方法,具有结构简单、稳定性好、工作可靠、调整方便等优点,广泛应用于工业控制领域。在PID控制中,PID参数的选择决定了控制系统的稳定性和快速性。在传统的PID参数整定中多采用试验凑试法,该方法费时费力,而且难以满足要求。为了解决此问题,提出一种改进遗传算法的PID参数整定方法。对基本遗传算法的选择算子、交叉算子和变异算子进行改进,弥补了基本遗传算法易陷于局部最优的缺点,加快了算法收敛速度。仿真结果表明,该方法具有一定的可行性。