Public safety is the foundation of economic development and social stability. Serious accidents with enormous personnel casualty caused by fire, earthquake, terrorism etc. , have been reported frequently in recent years. As a result, evaluation of the safety evacuation property in design of a public building has become one of the key procedures. Personnel evacuation simulation is of great significance for improving safety evacuation properties of public buildings. For that purpose, the paper sets up a random two - dimensional cellular automaton model based on the principle of nearest distance towards the exit. On that basis, the paper considers a detour factor to improve this model, and develops an evacuation program in Matlab to simulate the personal evacuation process of a huge space, and gets the basic law and time of evacuation, h is shown that a model considering detour factor will give better results.%公共安全是经济发展和社会稳定的基础.近年来由于火灾、地震、恐怖活动等突发因素诱发的公共场所人员安全事故屡见报道,在公共场所的安全设计中,安全疏散性能已成为至关重要的因素.为解决上述同题,人员疏散的计算机仿真对提高公共场所的安全疏散性能具有重要意义.对于出口距离最近的原则建立人员疏散的二维随机元胞自动机模型,其中考虑人员绕行的影响,并利用Matlab软件编写了疏散过程的程序,对大空间疏散人群进了仿真,得到了人员疏散基本规律及疏散时间.研究表明:考虑人员绕行的模型更能体现真实的疏散情景.
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