基于粒子群优化的PID控制器设计与应用

摘要

Particle Swarm Optimizer is a probability algorithm with excellent performances. P1D controller is a widely used controller, its performances depend on the optimization of PID controller paramerters. The PID controller is widely used in automatic voltage regulator( AVR) system to improve it' s control performance. In order to find effectively the optimal PID controller parameters for AVR system, a particle Swarm Optimization method was applied to PID controller. The optimization model of PID controller parameters based onparticle swarm algorithm of was established , the PID parameters of proportion, integral and differential were taken as the particles on particle swarm, Some simulation and comparison results are presented. It can find a PID control parameter set effectively so that the controlled AVR system has better control performances.%研究优化控制器设计问题,工业过程控制中广泛使用的PID控制器,参数的选取可等效为优化问题.针对PID控制器应用于实际的自动电压调节器(AVR)系统,为了有效地寻找AVR系统的最佳PID控制器参数,提出一种基于粒子群算法的PID参数优化策略.通过建立粒子群优化的PID控制器参数模型,在控制过程中将PID参数(比例、积分、微分)作为粒子群中的粒子,采用控制误差绝对值时间积分函数作为优化目标,在控制过程中动态调整PID的三个控制参数,从而进行PID控制参数的实时优化.仿真结果表明PID控制器可以获得较好的控制性能指标,进而改善AVR系统的瞬时响应特性,具有一定的实用价值.