原油常减压蒸馏工艺的动态仿真

摘要

In order to better understand and forecast the startup, shutdown, normal operation and predict accident conditions of the crude oil vacuum distillation unit process, simulation training is applied.This paper presents a simulation of the process of crude oil atmospheric and vacuum distillation.Based on the analysis of the distillating unit of distillation tower, crude distillation, vacuum tower, in order to improve the accuracy of the model, the hydrodynamic characteristics of the tower and the interaction between multiple distillation columns are considered.The models of distillation units are established by ways of mass balance, energy balance and phase equilibrium.The numerical calculation method is chosen according to the type of the model.Simulation results show that when the running of the equipment is properly reflected under normal conditions, the stable results provide an important theoretical foundation for engineering design and the optimization of operating conditions.This process simulation system has been used for training successfully.%为了更好的掌握原油常减压蒸馏系统在开停车过程和正常操作时的工况、预测事故状态,实现准确无误的控制过程.对某厂原油常减压蒸馏过程进行了仿真.首先对流程中的蒸馏装置初馏塔、常压塔、减压塔进行分析.为建立精确的模型,考虑了塔的流体力学特性和多个精馏塔之间的相互作用的影响,并根据物料衡算、能量衡算、相平衡等,建立了蒸馏装置的数学模型,并由模型的形式选取适当的求解方法.仿真结果表明,达到稳定状态的结果能正确地反映装置实际工况的运行情况,为实际工况中的工艺设计和系统优化,提供了重要的理论依据.工艺仿真系统已成功应用于常减压装置的开停车过程和正常操作等培训内容.