Wireless sensor has limited communication ability, node energy and computing power. Ant colony optimization of wireless sensor routing algorithm is proposed based on residual energy of sensor nodes. This algorithm selects cluster heads based on current residual energy, then the route is elected by ant colony algorithm based on distance and sensor node energy information, and updates cluster head between pheromone strength, finally, according to the cluster head pheromone strength, decides which adjacent cluster head is chosen as the next hop, thus network cluster is formed. The algorithm is tested with NS2, the experimental results show that this algorithm can reduce the average energy consumption and prolong the birth time of entire network compared with LEACH, and it realizes energy-saving goal for sensor routing algorithm design.%研究优化无线传感器设计,由于无线传感器通信能力、节点能量有限,远程环境下无法更换能源,节点能耗引起网络生命过短.在综合考虑了传感器节点剩余能量,为了延长网络生命周期,提出一种蚁群优化的无线传感器路由算法.算法根据节点当前剩余能量进行簇头选举,然后通过蚁群算法根据传感器节点距离和能量信息进行路由选择,并不断的更新簇头间的信息素浓度,最后根据簇头信息素浓度决定那一个相邻簇头被选择作为下一跳,从而形成网络簇间路由.在 NS2 平台下对该算法进行仿真测试实验,实验结果表明,相对于 LEACH 路由算法,降低了网络中的平均能耗,延长整个网络生命时间,实现了传感器路由设计节能的目标.
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