混响是限制主动声纳性能的主要因素之一.为了深入研究海洋混响的形成机理,推导海洋混响多普勒频率和空间锥角的数学关系式,根据单元散射特点提出了小尺度主动声呐阵列模型.以收发合置的标准均匀线列阵为例,通过仿真得到了海洋混响的等效平面混响级、混响时间序列、频谱和自相关波形,并通过统计验证了海洋混响的瞬时值服从高斯分布,包络服从瑞利分布.最后绘制基阵轴向与运动方向夹角δ=0°,90°和45°时所接收到混响的频率与方位的空时谱图,并进行了仿真,验证了提出的混响建模的准确性和有效性.%Reverberation is one of the main factors that limit the performance of the active sonar. To promote study on the formation mechanism of the oceanic reverberation, this paper derived the mathematical relationship between the Doppler frequency and the space angle of the oceanic reverberation, by which a small - scale active sonar array model was proposed based on the element - scattered method. The equivalent plane reverberation level, the time series, spectrum and autocorrelation waveform of the oceanic reverberation were obtained through simulation on the monostatic sonar uniform linear array. Statistical analysis results verified that the instantaneous value of the oceanic reverberation follows a Gaussian distribution and the envelope of the oceanic reverberation follows a Rayleigh distribution. Finally, the space - time spectra figures of the received reverberation were drawn when the angles between the array axis and the motion direction were 8=0°, 90° and 45° respectively, which validated the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed reverberation modeling and simulation method.
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