一种仅测角条件下在轨目标滤波跟踪方法研究

摘要

When a theodolite is in tracking on-orbit targets,because the initial orbit of the on-orbit targets contains the large error,there is a large miss distance between the actual position and the theoretical position of the target in the target plane,which can directly affect the performance of the spatial target tracker,making the tracking accuracy drop or even lose the tracking target.In order to solve this problem,an extended Kalman filter was designed based on a single platform in the condition that only angle was measured.It is expected that the observed quantity of the target theory can be corrected by using the target miss distance,and then the observed quantity of the target angle can be estimated and predicted by the extended Kalman filter using the modified observed quantity of the target.The simulation results show that the algorithm can converge the predicted value of the observed target to a smaller value by updating the filter state in a short time,which can solve the problem of tracking inaccuracy caused by the error of initial orbit to a certain degree.%针对经纬仪在跟踪在轨目标时,由于在轨目标初轨含有较大误差,造成靶平面内目标实际位置与理论位置间存在较大脱靶量,将直接影响到在轨目标跟踪器的性能,使得跟踪精度下降甚至丢失跟踪目标.为了解决上述问题,设计了一种基于单站仅测角条件下的扩展卡尔曼滤波器.期望利用目标脱靶量对目标理论观测量进行修正,之后利用修正后的目标观测量通过扩展卡尔曼滤波器对目标角度观测量进行估计和预测.对算法进行仿真,结果表明算法可以通过较短时间的滤波状态更新使目标观测量预测值收敛到较小值,一定程度上解决了由初轨误差所引起的跟踪不准确的问题.