The area of three-dimensional (3D) underwater acoustic sensor networks (UW-ASNs) have attracted significant attention recently from both academia and industry due to its applications in detecting and observing phenomena that cannot be adequately observed by means of two-dimensional ocean bottom underwater acoustic sensor nodes. Many problems arise with 3D UW-ASNs that need to be solved in order to enable underwater monitoring in the new environment. Among them, providing efficient routing is very challenging due to the unique characteristics of 3D UW-ASNs. We proposed a geographic based routing protocol and a self-adaptive routing protocol which is adaptatire to 3D UW-ASNs with incomplete sets of failure nodes. The simulations demonstrate that our self-adaptive routing protocol can a-chieve a good trade-off among packet delivery ratio,end-to-end delay and network throughput,while our basic geographic routing protocol can get a good performance in average end-to-end delay.%近年来,三维水声传感器网络在学术界和工业界引起了极大的关注.在被监测海域部署三维水声传感器网络,可以解决二维水声传感器网络节点无法充分观测的问题.为了实现三维水声传感器网络在新环境中的水下监测,需要解决一系列的问题.其中,由于监测区域环境的限制以及水声传感器节点的特殊性,需要设计高效的路由协议来保证数据包在各节点之间正确转发.首先提出一种基本地理位置路由协议.在此基础上,设计一种自适应路由协议,以较好地适应三维水声传感器网络中部分节点失效的情况.通过仿真实验发现,自适应路由协议可以在数据包传送率、端到端延时和网络吞吐量指标上达到平衡,而基本地理位置路由协议在端到端延时指标上可获得更好的性能.
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