一种能量有效的WSN路由协议

摘要

无线传感器网络中节能是首要考虑的问题.有效地延长无线传感器网络的生存时间,达到传感器节点的负载均衡是无线传感器路由网络路由协议的设计目标.由于LEACH协议存在在簇头节点的选举中未考虑节点的能量因素、簇头节点在空间上分布不均及所有簇头节点直接与Sink进行远距离数据传输过程中能量消耗过多等不足,本文提出了一种改进型的节能路由协议LEACH-ZED.LEACHZED采用区域划分的方式,综合考虑节点能量与到Sink节点的距离,进行簇间的多跳传输,大大改善了LEACH协议的一些缺陷.仿真表明,改进后的协议有效延长了网络的生存时间,降低了整个网络的能耗,从总体性能上看优于LEACH协议.%Energy conservation is the primary consideration in wireless sensor networks. Extending the lifetime of the wireless sensor networks and balancing nodes' load are the goal of designing the routing protocol in wireless sensor networks. Since the election of cluster-head nodes in the LEACH routing protocol does not take the energy into account, there are some deficiencies, such as the facts that the cluster-head nodes are distributed unevenly in space and that the energy is consumed too much during a long-distance data transmission. This paper proposes an improved version of the routing protocol LEACH-ZED, which employs the way of zone-partition, considers the nodes' energy and the distance to Sink comprehensively, and transfers data in multi-hop among clusters. The simulation shows, LEACH-ZED extends the lifetime of the network effectively and reduces the energy consumption of the whole network, so it performs better than the LEACH routing protocol as a whole.