80x86 is a microprocessor, which shall be known as the MCS51 microcontroller.80x86 processing programs and data arc stored on the same physical memory（von ＊ Ncumann architecture）,and MCS-51 handling procedures and data storage are separated（Harvard architecture）,8086 is 16/16,and 8051 is 8/8.Second,the 8086 logic chip powerful but limited resources,not enough to constitute a single system,8051 is not,you can add a simple input or output display.unit can constitute a minimal system.If the 8086 as the brain,then 8051 is the basic integrity of the head.Again,in 8086 the results can be stored directly only register,must be connected to expand the external memory;and for 8051 only include internal special function registers have some RAM（Cache cache）,internal RAM and special function registers in the access speed is almost the same.%首先要明白，80x86是微处理器，而MCS51应被称为微控制器。80x86处理的程序和数据是存储在同一个物理存储器上（冯·诺依曼结构），而MCS-51处理的程序和数据的存储是分开的（哈佛结构），8086是16／16，而8051是8／8的。其次，8086逻辑功能强大而片内资源有限，单个不足以构成系统，8051则不然，可以增加简单输入或输出显示部件就可以构成最小系统。如果把8086当作脑子的话，那么8051就是基本完整的脑袋。再次，在8086能直接存储结果的仅是寄存器，必须连接扩展外部存储器；而对于8051内部不但包含特殊功能寄存器还有一定的RAM（Cache高速缓冲存储器），内部RAM与特殊功能寄存器的在存取速度上相差无几。
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