miRNA研究的计算机方法

摘要

Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are one class of the newly identified non-coding RNAs with endogenous length at approximate 21-23-nucleotides which can regulate gene expression. miRNAs regulate gene expression at posttranscriptional level by directly cleaving targeted mRNAs or repressing translation. A series of researches show that they play important roles in cell differentiation, proliferation, growth, mobility, and apoptosis. As an alternative, computational approaches have been developed due to time consuming, high cost and low efficiency in experimental approaches. Most computational approaches associated with miRNA research can be categorised into three classes: miRNAs gene identification, miRNAs target gene prediction and miRNA-mRNA regulatory modules prediction. In this review, we summarise the principles of miRNAs gene identification, predictions of miRNAs target gene and miRNA-mRNA regulatory module, and provide a survey on specific computational methods that have been proposed in the field.%MicroRNAs( miRNAs)是一类最新发现能够调控基因表达的非编码RNA,其内源长大约为21～23个核苷酸.而iRNAs通过直接剪切靶基因mRNAs或者抑制翻译在后转录水平调控基因表达.一系列研究表明,他们在细胞分化、细胞生长、细胞迁移和细胞凋亡中发挥重要作用.由于miRNAs研究的实验方法耗时、耗材和效率低,所以计算机方法成为了niRNAs研究的替代方法.大部分与miRNA研究相关的计算机方法可以分为三类:miRNAs基因识别、miRNAs靶基因预测和miRNA-mRNA调控模块的预测.归纳miRNAs基因识别、miRNAs靶基因预测和niRNA-mRNA调控模块预测的原理,提供在这个领域已经提出来的特定计算机方法.