数字近景摄影测量在相似模拟试验中的应用研究

摘要

Aiming at the experiment of similar material simulation observation method existing low degree of automation,poor measurement precision and other shortcomings,this paper presentd a new method to measure the deformation of similar material simulation based on pho-togrammetric computer vision. The experimental procedure was as follows using non-metric digital camera for image data acquisition, through in-site plane camera pre-calibration,feature extraction of deformation monitoring points,image matching and other steps to calcu-late the coordinates of physical similar model deformation monitoring points at different periods and by comparing change of deformation monitoring feature point coordinates at different periods to calculate the physical similar model deformation.Through a steep inclined seam roof deformation measurement of similar material to simulate the experimental results showed that the deformation monitoring total station method precision maximum difference was about 0.5 mm.The measured displacement was in accordance with the actual deformation which met the requirements for the deformation monitoring of strata and surface movement caused by mining.%针对现有相似模拟实验观测方法中存在的自动化程度低、测量精度差等缺点，给出一种基于摄影测量计算机视觉方法进行相似模拟变形测量的新方法。利用普通非量测数码相机进行影像数据采集，通过在任相机平面预检校、变形监测点特征提取、影像匹配等计算步骤得出不同时期物理相似模型变形监测点的坐标。通过比较不同时期变形监测特征点坐标的变化量，计算得出物理相似模型变形情况。通过对某急倾斜煤层顶板相似材料进行模拟变形测量，试验结果表明：所应用方法与全站仪方法变形监测结果平面精度最大相差0.5mm左右，所测位移场与实际变形情况一致，满足因矿山开采引起的岩层和地表移动变形监测要求。