中德矿山环境修复条件比较研究--以德国奥斯那不吕克Piesberg和中国淮南大通矿为例

摘要

Taking the German Osnabrück Piesberg mine area and Chinese Huainan Datong mine area as subjects investigated, using comparative study method carried out analysis of variances on Chinese and German mine environment rehabilitation conditions from as⁃pects of mine engineering background, physical geographic, mine gangue, soil quality features and humanities social environment etc. The result has shown that the climate, humanities social environment conditions of Piesberg mine area are superior to Datong mine ar⁃ea, thus propitious to damaged environment rehabilitation. But gangue on ground surface of the former because of contains more acidic pyrite, factors of acid soil, lower soil available water capacity and lower groundwater level obviously inferior to Datong mine area, thus adverse to ecological environment rehabilitation. While environment rehabilitation status quo of Piesberg mine area is better than Da⁃tong mine area, the main reason is lesser human disturbance made ecological environment to get stable natural rehabilitation.%以德国奥斯那不吕克Piesberg和中国淮南大通矿区为研究对象，采用比较研究的方法分别从矿山工程背景、自然地理条件、矿山煤矸石及土壤质地特征、人文社会环境条件等方面对中德矿山环境修复条件进行差异分析。研究结果显示：Piesberg矿区的气候条件、人文社会环境条件优于大通矿区，有利于矿区已遭受破坏的环境修复；但该矿区内地面分布的煤矸石因含较多的黄铁矿而呈较高的酸性，酸性土壤和较低的土壤有效含水量，以及该区较低的地下水水位等因素条件显然劣于淮南大通矿区，不利于矿区生态环境的修复；Piesberg矿区的环境修复现状好于淮南矿区的主要因素是因为该矿区内较少的人为活动干扰而使得生态环境得到稳定的自然修复。